What Is Walpurgis Night? Germany’s Strangest Celebration

If you are living in Germany for the first time, you may suddenly hear people talking about witches, bonfires, mountain festivals, and strange costumes at the end of April. At first, it can sound more like Halloween than spring. But this unusual tradition is very real, and it has been part of German culture for centuries.

Known as Walpurgis Night, or Walpurgisnacht in German, the celebration takes place every year on the night of April 30. Across parts of Germany, especially in central and northern regions, people gather around huge fires, wear witch costumes, dance outdoors, and celebrate the arrival of spring.

For many internationals, Walpurgis Night is one of those moments when Germany suddenly feels much more mysterious and folkloric than expected. Behind the modern cities, efficient trains, and paperwork, there is also a country full of legends, regional traditions, and stories that are still alive today.

So what exactly is Walpurgis Night, and why do Germans still celebrate it?

What Is Walpurgis Night?

Walpurgis Night is a traditional celebration that happens on the evening before May 1. Historically, people believed this was the night when witches gathered on mountaintops to welcome spring and celebrate the end of winter.

Over time, the old legends mixed with local customs, seasonal festivals, and Christian traditions. Today, Walpurgis Night is less about superstition and more about community, folklore, and celebration. Depending on where you are in Germany, the atmosphere can feel like a village festival, a costume party, or even a music festival.

Many Walpurgis Night events include bonfires, live music, dancing, food stands, and people dressed as witches or fantasy characters. In smaller towns, the celebrations are often cosy and community-focused. In larger tourist areas, they can become huge public events with thousands of visitors.

Although Walpurgis Night is strongly associated with Germany, similar traditions also exist in other parts of northern and central Europe. Still, Germany remains the country most connected with the witches, mountains, and folklore linked to the festival.

Why Is It Called Walpurgis Night?

The name Walpurgis Night comes from Saint Walpurga, an English missionary who travelled to what is now Germany during the 8th century. She later became a Christian saint, and her feast day was celebrated on May 1.

Historians believe the church connected Saint Walpurga’s feast day with older pagan spring festivals that already existed around the same time of year. This was common in Europe, where Christian traditions often blended with local customs and seasonal celebrations.

The result was Walpurgis Night: a mix of ancient spring rituals, religious influence, and local folklore.

You can still see this cultural mix today. Some parts of Walpurgis Night feel deeply traditional and historical, while others simply feel like a fun reason to celebrate outdoors after a long German winter.

Readers interested in the historical background can explore more on the Encyclopaedia Britannica website.

Why Are Witches Connected to Walpurgis Night?

The image most people associate with Walpurgis Night is the witch. During the festival, it is common to see people wearing black pointed hats, scary masks, fake noses, and costumes inspired by old folklore.

The connection comes from medieval legends that claimed witches gathered on the night before May Day. According to local stories, they flew through the sky on broomsticks and met on mountain peaks to celebrate the changing seasons.

The most famous meeting place was the Brocken mountain in the Harz Mountains. For centuries, people in the region believed supernatural spirits and witches appeared there during Walpurgis Night.

These stories became internationally famous thanks to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and his classic work Faust. In the story, Goethe describes Walpurgis Night as a chaotic and magical gathering full of witches and strange creatures.

Even today, Goethe’s influence shapes how many Germans imagine the festival.

Where Is Walpurgis Night Celebrated in Germany?

Walpurgis Night is celebrated across different parts of Germany, but some places are much more famous than others.

The centre of the celebration is the Harz Mountains, a beautiful mountain region known for forests, legends, and medieval towns. Every year, thousands of visitors travel there to experience Germany’s biggest Walpurgis Night events.

Towns such as Wernigerode, Thale, and Goslar organise large festivals with live performances, costume parades, open-air parties, and giant bonfires. Some streets become filled with people dressed as witches, devils, and mythical creatures.

The atmosphere can feel theatrical and surreal, especially at night when the fires light up the mountains. You can find official event information on the Harz Tourism website.

In cities like Berlin, Walpurgis Night celebrations are usually more modern. You may find concerts, club events, open-air parties, or cultural festivals connected to Tanz in den Mai, the German tradition of “dancing into May.”

Meanwhile, in smaller villages and rural areas, Walpurgis Night often keeps a quieter and more traditional atmosphere. Local communities gather around fires, drink together, and enjoy the first warm evenings of spring.

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What Happens During Walpurgis Night?

One of the reasons Walpurgis Night feels so interesting for expats is that the celebration changes depending on where you go.

In some places, the focus is folklore and tradition. In others, it feels more like a spring carnival or outdoor music festival.

Bonfires remain one of the most important symbols of Walpurgis Night. Historically, people believed fire protected communities from evil spirits and bad luck left over from winter. Today, the fires are mostly symbolic, but they still create a strong atmosphere. People gather around them to socialise, drink, and celebrate together outdoors.

Costumes are also a huge part of Walpurgis Night. While witches are the most common theme, many people wear fantasy outfits, masks, or theatrical clothing inspired by folklore. Children often join in too, which gives some celebrations a family-friendly feeling.

Music and dancing are another important part of the night. In many places, Walpurgis Night blends into Tanz in den Mai, where people stay awake late into the night dancing and welcoming the month of May.

For internationals living in Germany, Walpurgis Night can feel surprisingly open and social compared to Germany’s more reserved reputation.

Is Walpurgis Night a Public Holiday?

Walpurgis Night itself is not a public holiday in Germany. However, May 1 is Labour Day (Tag der Arbeit), which is a national holiday.

This is one reason the festival remains so popular. Because many people do not work the next morning, they can stay out late and attend events without worrying about work or school the next day.

If you plan to attend a large Walpurgis Night festival, especially in the Harz Mountains, it is a good idea to book hotels and transport early. Trains and accommodation often become very busy during this period.

The Deutsche Bahn website is useful for checking train schedules and planning travel.

What Should Expats Know Before Attending Walpurgis Night?

If you want to experience Walpurgis Night for yourself, there are a few practical things worth knowing.

First, German spring evenings can still feel cold, especially in mountain regions. Even if the daytime weather seems warm, temperatures at night often drop quickly. A warm jacket and comfortable shoes are essential.

Second, the atmosphere depends heavily on location. Some Walpurgis Night events are family-oriented and traditional, while others focus more on drinking, nightlife, and concerts. Reading event descriptions beforehand helps avoid surprises.

Finally, expect crowds in the most famous festival areas. Walpurgis Night has become increasingly popular with tourists and visitors from across Germany.

That said, you do not need to travel to a huge festival to enjoy the tradition. Sometimes a smaller local bonfire or village celebration offers a much more authentic experience.

Why Walpurgis Night Still Matters Today

At first glance, Walpurgis Night may seem like a strange mix of costumes, folklore, and parties. But the celebration reveals something important about Germany itself.

It shows how strongly regional traditions still matter, even in a modern and international country. It also reflects how old stories and customs continue to shape local identity.

For expats, Walpurgis Night is also a reminder that Germany has many cultural layers. Beyond the stereotypes of efficiency and organisation, there is also imagination, mythology, and centuries of local tradition.

Experiencing Walpurgis Night can help newcomers feel more connected to the culture around them. Even if you do not fully understand every tradition, simply taking part helps you experience a side of Germany that many tourists never see.

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Conclusion

Walpurgis Night is one of Germany’s most unusual and memorable traditions. Celebrated every year on April 30, it combines spring rituals, folklore, bonfires, music, and famous witch legends into a unique cultural event.

Whether you visit a huge festival in the Harz Mountains or join a smaller local gathering, Walpurgis Night offers a fascinating window into German culture and history.

For internationals living in Germany, it is also a chance to step outside daily routines and experience the country in a more playful, mysterious, and community-focused way.

1- What is Walpurgis Night in Germany?Walpurgis Night is a traditional celebration held on April 30. It is connected to spring festivals, folklore about witches, bonfires, and community events across parts of Germany.

2- Where is Walpurgis Night most famous?The biggest Walpurgis Night celebrations happen in the Harz Mountains region, especially around the Brocken mountain.

3- Do people really dress as witches during Walpurgis Night?Yes. Many festivals include costumes inspired by witches, devils, and traditional folklore characters.

4- Is Walpurgis Night family-friendly?Some celebrations are family-oriented, while others focus more on nightlife and concerts. It depends on the location and event.

5- Is Walpurgis Night worth experiencing as an expat?Absolutely. Walpurgis Night offers a fun and unique way to understand German traditions and local culture beyond everyday life.