Study in Belgium: Third Level Education & University Guide

Study in Belgium and discover why over 55,000 international students choose Belgium for higher education. Complete guide to universities, costs, applications, student cities, and living in Belgium’s multilingual academic environment.

Belgium has emerged as one of Europe’s most attractive destinations for international students, welcoming over 55,000 students from around the world each year. This small but influential country offers a unique combination of academic excellence, cultural diversity, and strategic location at the heart of Europe. As the seat of the European Union and home to numerous international organizations, Belgium provides an ideal environment for students seeking world-class education with global perspectives.

Overview of the Belgian Higher Education System

Belgium’s higher education system reflects the country’s federal structure and linguistic diversity, creating a sophisticated academic landscape that combines regional autonomy with international standards. The system has evolved to meet the needs of both local and international students while maintaining strong connections to European educational frameworks and global academic networks.

The Belgian approach to higher education emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical application, preparing students for successful careers in an increasingly globalized world. Universities maintain strong partnerships with industry, government, and international organizations, providing students with valuable networking opportunities and real-world experience during their studies.

Flemish and French Communities: Dual Language Structure

Belgium’s higher education system is primarily organized around two main language communities: the Flemish (Dutch-speaking) community in the north and the French-speaking community in the south and Brussels. Each community operates its own educational system with distinct administrative structures, curriculum approaches, and institutional cultures, while maintaining comparable academic standards and degree recognition.

The Flemish community manages universities and colleges in Flanders and the Dutch-speaking areas of Brussels. This system emphasizes practical application and industry connections, with strong traditions in engineering, business, and applied sciences. Flemish institutions often have close partnerships with major corporations and research centers, providing students with excellent internship and employment opportunities.

The French community oversees higher education in Wallonia and French-speaking areas of Brussels. This system traditionally emphasizes theoretical foundations and humanistic education, with particular strengths in philosophy, literature, social sciences, and fine arts. French-speaking institutions maintain strong connections to the broader Francophone academic world, offering students access to educational and cultural networks across French-speaking countries.

Despite operating separately, both communities maintain mutual recognition of degrees and qualifications, allowing students to transfer between systems or pursue graduate studies in either community. This flexibility is particularly valuable for international students who may wish to experience different linguistic and cultural environments during their studies in Belgium.

English-Taught Programs and Language Availability

Belgium has significantly expanded its English-taught program offerings in response to growing international demand, with over 400 programs now available in English across the country. These programs are particularly concentrated at the Master’s level and above, reflecting universities’ commitment to attracting international talent and preparing students for global careers.

English-taught programs span virtually all academic disciplines, from business and engineering to social sciences and humanities. Many universities offer complete degree programs in English, while others provide bilingual options that combine English instruction with local language components. This diversity allows international students to choose programs that match their language abilities and career goals.

The availability of English instruction does not diminish the value of learning local languages. Many international students take advantage of their time in Belgium to develop proficiency in Dutch or French, skills that are highly valued in European job markets. Universities typically offer language support services and courses to help international students develop multilingual competencies.

For students interested in Germanic languages, some programs and courses are also available in German, particularly in eastern Belgium. However, German-speaking students often choose to study in either the French community or neighboring Germany, depending on their specific academic interests and career plans.

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Types of Higher Education Institutions in Belgium

Belgium’s higher education landscape includes several types of institutions, each serving different educational purposes and student populations. Universities represent the most research-intensive institutions, offering comprehensive programs from Bachelor’s through Doctorate levels with strong emphasis on academic research and theoretical foundations.

University colleges, known as hautes écoles in French and hogescholen in Dutch, provide both academic and professional education pathways. These institutions offer Bachelor’s and Master’s programs with stronger emphasis on practical application and professional preparation. Many university colleges specialize in specific fields such as education, healthcare, or applied arts, providing focused expertise and industry connections.

Art colleges, available only in the French community, specialize in fine arts, design, and creative disciplines. These institutions provide intensive artistic training combined with theoretical study, preparing students for careers in visual arts, performing arts, and creative industries. The specialized nature of these institutions allows for small class sizes and individualized attention from practicing artists and scholars.

Institutes of Architecture, also unique to the French community, focus specifically on architectural education and related disciplines. These specialized institutions maintain strong connections to the architectural profession and urban planning communities, providing students with practical experience and professional networking opportunities.

The Royal Military Academy serves students interested in military careers while providing excellent education in engineering, social sciences, and other disciplines. This institution combines academic rigor with military training, preparing graduates for leadership roles in defense and security sectors.

Degree Types: Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate Programs

Belgian higher education follows the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), ensuring compatibility with other European institutions and facilitating student mobility. Bachelor’s degrees typically require three years of full-time study and 180 ECTS credits, providing comprehensive foundation knowledge in chosen fields of study.

Professional Bachelor’s degrees combine theoretical learning with practical application through mandatory internships and work-based learning components. These programs prepare students for immediate entry into professional careers while providing solid academic foundations. Professional Bachelor’s graduates often find employment directly after graduation, though they may also continue to Master’s level studies.

Academic Bachelor’s degrees focus more heavily on theoretical knowledge and research skills, specifically designed to prepare students for Master’s level studies. These programs emphasize critical thinking, research methodology, and analytical skills that form the foundation for advanced academic work and research careers.

Advanced Bachelor’s degrees offer specialized knowledge in specific fields or complement previous Bachelor’s qualifications. In Flanders, these programs require 60 ECTS credits, while in Wallonia and Brussels, they require 180 ECTS credits. These programs allow students to develop expertise in emerging fields or combine knowledge from different disciplines.

Master’s degrees require one to two years of full-time study and 60-120 ECTS credits, depending on the specific program and field of study. General Master’s degrees emphasize scientific knowledge and academic research, preparing students for research careers or further doctoral study. Advanced Master’s degrees provide specialized professional training after completion of an initial Master’s degree, often focusing on specific industry needs or emerging professional areas.

Doctorate (PhD) degrees are awarded only by universities and typically require four years of study, though some programs may extend to six years depending on the research field and project complexity. Doctoral programs combine advanced coursework with original research culminating in a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. These programs are ideal for students planning academic or research careers.

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Study in Belgium: Academic Grading Scales and Distinctions

Belgian universities use grading systems that reflect regional preferences while maintaining comparability across institutions. The most common system uses a 0-20 scale, though some universities, particularly in Flanders, may employ alternative systems that better reflect their specific academic cultures and assessment philosophies.

In the Flemish community, academic distinctions recognize exceptional achievement with categories such as “Grootste onderscheiding + Congratulations of the Board of Examiners” (Greatest distinction with congratulations) for the highest level of performance. These distinctions appear on official transcripts and diplomas, providing formal recognition of academic excellence that is valued by employers and graduate schools.

The French community uses similar distinction categories but with different terminology and specific score ranges. These distinctions help differentiate levels of achievement and provide detailed information about student performance for academic and professional purposes.

Understanding grading systems is important for international students, particularly those planning to transfer credits or continue studies in other countries. Universities typically provide grade conversion tables and explanations to help students and institutions understand the meaning and equivalent value of Belgian grades in international contexts.

Top Belgian Universities and Rankings

Belgium’s universities have earned international recognition for their academic excellence, research contributions, and innovative approaches to higher education. The country’s strong performance in global rankings reflects centuries of educational tradition combined with modern approaches to teaching and research that meet contemporary challenges and opportunities.

The success of Belgian universities stems from several factors including highly qualified faculty, strong research funding, international collaboration, and commitment to student success. These institutions attract top researchers and scholars from around the world while maintaining close connections to local communities and industries.

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KU Leuven: Belgium’s Highest Ranked University

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) stands as Belgium’s flagship institution, ranking joint 63rd globally in the 2025 QS World University Rankings. Founded in 1425, KU Leuven holds the distinction of being Belgium’s first and largest university, as well as the oldest Catholic university still in existence worldwide. This remarkable history combines with modern excellence to create an institution that serves over 58,000 students, including approximately 63,774 international students from around the globe.

KU Leuven’s reputation rests on its exceptional research output and academic programs across virtually all disciplines. The university operates as an important center of scientific research, contributing groundbreaking discoveries and innovations that impact both academic knowledge and practical applications. Research centers and institutes at KU Leuven collaborate with institutions worldwide, creating opportunities for students to participate in cutting-edge research projects.

The university’s size and diversity create a vibrant academic community where students from different backgrounds and cultures learn together. This multicultural environment prepares students for success in international careers while providing access to extensive resources including libraries, laboratories, and research facilities that support both undergraduate and graduate education.

KU Leuven’s location in the historic city of Leuven provides students with an authentic European university experience combining medieval architecture with modern amenities. The city’s student-friendly atmosphere and cultural richness enhance the educational experience while providing numerous opportunities for personal growth and cultural exploration.

University of Ghent: Leader in Engineering and Life Sciences

The University of Ghent, ranked 169th globally, represents excellence in scientific and technical education with particular strengths in engineering and technology (joint 175th) and life sciences (joint 69th). Established in 1817 as Belgium’s first Dutch-speaking university, Ghent has maintained its pioneering spirit while evolving to meet contemporary educational and research challenges.

With approximately 48,570 students, the University of Ghent creates a dynamic learning environment that combines rigorous academic standards with innovative teaching methods. The university’s strength in engineering and technology reflects Belgium’s industrial heritage and commitment to technological innovation, providing students with access to state-of-the-art facilities and industry partnerships.

The university’s excellence in life sciences contributes to important research in health, biotechnology, and environmental science. Students in these programs benefit from access to advanced research facilities and opportunities to participate in projects that address global challenges such as climate change, public health, and sustainable development.

Ghent’s location in one of Belgium’s most beautiful historic cities provides students with cultural richness and recreational opportunities that complement their academic experiences. The city’s combination of medieval architecture, modern amenities, and student-friendly atmosphere creates an ideal environment for university study and personal development.

UCLouvain: Largest French-Speaking University in Belgium

Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), ranked 203rd globally, serves as Belgium’s largest French-speaking university with a distinctive campus environment and academic culture. The university’s main campus in Louvain-la-Neuve was purpose-built to house the institution, creating a unique university town atmosphere where academic life takes center stage.

UCLouvain’s particular strength in theology, divinity, and religious studies (19th globally) reflects its Catholic heritage while maintaining excellence across diverse academic disciplines. The university attracts students and faculty interested in exploring questions of faith, ethics, and human meaning alongside traditional academic subjects, creating a distinctive intellectual environment.

The purpose-built campus of Louvain-la-Neuve provides students with a concentrated university experience where academic, social, and cultural activities are closely integrated. This environment fosters strong student communities and facilitates collaboration between students from different disciplines and backgrounds.

UCLouvain’s French-language instruction connects students to the broader Francophone academic world while providing access to research networks and cultural opportunities throughout French-speaking regions. This linguistic connection enhances career opportunities and cultural understanding for students interested in French-speaking contexts.

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB): English-Taught Graduate Programs

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), ranked joint 230th globally, distinguishes itself through high research activity and internationally recognized research teams. The university’s location in Brussels, Europe’s capital, provides unique advantages for students interested in international affairs, European studies, and global careers.

VUB’s commitment to English-taught programs, particularly at Master’s and PhD levels, makes it particularly attractive to international students. These programs maintain academic rigor while ensuring accessibility for students from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The university’s research focus creates opportunities for graduate students to participate in cutting-edge research projects and collaborate with leading scholars.

The university’s Brussels location provides students with access to European Union institutions, international organizations, and multinational corporations. This proximity creates unique internship and career opportunities while exposing students to diverse cultural and professional networks that enhance their educational experience.

VUB’s emphasis on free inquiry and critical thinking reflects its commitment to academic freedom and intellectual exploration. Students are encouraged to question assumptions, explore new ideas, and develop independent thinking skills that serve them throughout their careers.

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Other Notable Institutions: Antwerp, Liège, Mons

The University of Antwerp, ranked joint 267th globally, was founded in 2003 but has quickly established itself as a significant institution with nearly 17% international students. The university’s strength in arts and humanities reflects Antwerp’s cultural richness and creative traditions, providing students with access to world-class cultural institutions and artistic communities.

Université de Liège, ranking joint 396th, was founded in 1817 and serves 25,421 students across 11 faculties. The university’s performance in life sciences and medicine contributes to important research and training in health-related fields, addressing both regional needs and global health challenges.

The University of Mons, ranking 781-790 globally, represents a newer institution formed in 2009 through institutional merger. This French-speaking university demonstrates Belgium’s commitment to educational innovation and regional development while maintaining academic quality and student-centered approaches.

These institutions, along with Belgium’s other universities, create a diverse higher education landscape that offers opportunities for students with different interests, backgrounds, and career goals. The variety of institutional types, sizes, and specializations ensures that students can find programs that match their individual needs while maintaining access to high-quality education and research opportunities.

Best Student Cities in Belgium

Belgium’s cities offer unique combinations of historical charm, cultural richness, and modern amenities that create exceptional environments for student life. Each city has its own character and advantages, from bustling international capitals to intimate historic towns where university life takes center stage. The country’s compact size and excellent transportation infrastructure make it easy for students to explore different cities and regions during their studies.

The quality of life in Belgian cities consistently ranks highly in international comparisons, with factors such as safety, cultural offerings, transportation, and cost of living contributing to positive student experiences. Many cities have developed strong student communities with active social organizations, cultural events, and support services that help international students integrate and thrive.

Brussels: Capital of Europe and Multicultural Hub

Brussels, Belgium’s capital city, ranks 50th in the QS Best Student Cities rankings, reflecting its exceptional combination of international importance, cultural diversity, and student-friendly atmosphere. Known as the “capital of Europe” due to hosting the European Union headquarters, NATO, and numerous other international organizations, Brussels provides unparalleled opportunities for students interested in politics, international relations, translation studies, and European affairs.

The city’s international character creates a truly cosmopolitan environment where students from around the world feel welcome and can easily integrate into diverse communities. This multicultural atmosphere extends beyond the university campuses to neighborhoods, restaurants, cultural events, and professional networks that enrich the student experience and provide valuable networking opportunities.

Brussels offers vibrant nightlife with everything from traditional Belgian beer halls to international clubs and cultural venues. The city’s restaurant scene reflects its diversity with cuisine from around the world alongside traditional Belgian specialties. Shopping opportunities range from high-end fashion districts to unique vintage markets and specialty stores that cater to diverse tastes and budgets.

Notable universities in Brussels include Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), both offering strong academic programs and research opportunities. The presence of multiple institutions creates a dynamic academic environment with opportunities for collaboration and exchange between different universities and student communities.

The city’s excellent transportation connections make it easy for students to explore other parts of Belgium and neighboring countries during weekends and holidays. Brussels serves as a gateway to Europe, with major cities like Paris, Amsterdam, and London easily accessible by train, providing students with opportunities for cultural exploration and international experience.

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Leuven: Historic City with a Lively Student Atmosphere

Leuven ranks an impressive 36th in the QS Best Student Cities rankings, reflecting its exceptional student-centered environment and high quality of life. As home to KU Leuven, Belgium’s largest and highest-ranked university, the city has developed a distinctive character where student life forms the heart of the community.

The city’s medieval architecture provides a stunning backdrop for university life, with historic buildings housing modern academic facilities and student services. The combination of ancient and contemporary creates a unique atmosphere that connects students to centuries of educational tradition while providing access to cutting-edge resources and technology.

Leuven’s famous Oude Markt, known as “the longest bar in the world,” exemplifies the city’s vibrant student culture and Belgium’s renowned beer traditions. This historic square lined with cafes and pubs serves as a natural gathering place for students from around the world, fostering friendships and cultural exchange in a relaxed, welcoming environment.

The significant student presence in Leuven creates a city designed around student needs and interests. Services, entertainment, cultural events, and even transportation systems are adapted to support student life, making it easy for newcomers to navigate and integrate into the community. This student-friendly infrastructure contributes significantly to the positive experience of international students.

Leuven’s compact size makes everything easily accessible on foot or by bicycle, promoting a healthy and sustainable lifestyle while reducing living costs. The city’s location within easy reach of Brussels provides access to internship and career opportunities while maintaining the intimate, community-focused atmosphere that makes Leuven special.

Liège: Cultural Center with Festivals and Markets

Liège serves as a major industrial city and economic and cultural center in Wallonia, offering students exposure to both traditional industries and emerging economic sectors. The city’s working-class heritage and cultural diversity create an authentic Belgian experience that differs from more tourist-oriented destinations while providing genuine insight into Belgian society and culture.

The city is renowned for its crowded folk festivals and vibrant nightlife, creating numerous opportunities for cultural participation and social interaction. These events provide international students with authentic cultural experiences while fostering connections with local communities and other students from diverse backgrounds.

Liège hosts one of Belgium’s oldest and biggest Christmas markets, contributing to the city’s reputation for cultural events and community celebrations. These seasonal events create special memories for students while providing opportunities to experience Belgian traditions and connect with the broader community.

As a major educational hub with over 20,000 students, Liège offers a substantial student community while maintaining more affordable living costs compared to Brussels or other major European cities. This combination makes it attractive for students seeking quality education and vibrant student life without the high expenses associated with major capitals.

The presence of Université de Liège, with its strengths in life sciences and medicine, contributes to the city’s role as a center for research and innovation. Students benefit from the university’s research facilities and partnerships with local industries while enjoying the cultural richness and community spirit that characterize the city.

Antwerp: Creative and Commercial Port City

Antwerp, Belgium’s second-largest city, offers a unique combination of commercial importance, creative industries, and historical significance that creates an exceptional environment for student life. The city’s reputation as a diamond and fashion center provides unique opportunities for students in business, design, arts, and related fields to gain practical experience and industry connections.

The city’s major port operations contribute to its international character and economic dynamism, creating internship and career opportunities in logistics, international trade, and maritime industries. Students interested in business, economics, and international commerce benefit from direct exposure to major commercial operations and global trade networks.

Antwerp boasts a strong jazz scene and rich cultural heritage, with historic attractions like the Gothic Cathedral of Our Lady providing both aesthetic inspiration and cultural education. The city’s artistic traditions continue to influence contemporary culture, creating opportunities for students to engage with both historical and modern artistic expressions.

The University of Antwerp’s strength in arts and humanities complements the city’s cultural character while providing students with access to world-class cultural institutions and artistic communities. This combination of academic excellence and cultural richness creates unique opportunities for interdisciplinary learning and creative development.

Antwerp’s manageable size and well-developed transportation infrastructure make it easy for students to explore the city and surrounding regions while maintaining affordable living costs compared to major European capitals. The city provides an authentic Belgian experience while offering international perspectives and opportunities.

Bruges: UNESCO City with Elite Institutions

Bruges, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, represents one of the most perfectly preserved medieval cities in Western Europe, often called the “Venice of the North” due to its canals and architectural beauty. This extraordinary setting provides students with daily inspiration and cultural immersion that enhances their educational experience.

Despite its tourist reputation, Bruges serves as an important education center, hosting prestigious institutions such as the College of Europe and the United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS). These specialized institutions attract graduate students and researchers from around the world, creating an international academic community focused on European studies and global governance.